香根草的引种及抗逆性栽培试验

香根草Vetiver zizanioides发达的网状根系,以及净化水体、抗污染的生物学特性使其成为水土保持、改善环境的先锋植物。湖北省林业科学研究院于2003年开始对该草种进行了引种栽培试验。笔者从香根草的生物学特性及抗逆性方面阐述了香根草的推广利用价值。     

Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abattoir

The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs at abattoirs is higher than in pigs sampled on farms. This study investigated whether MRSA negative pigs can become MRSA positive during transportation from the farm to the abattoir after exposure to other pigs and environmental sources of MRSA. Nasal swabs were collected from four batches of pigs during loading at the farm, on arrival at the abattoir and after stunning. Environmental wipes were taken from lorries after transporting pigs and from lairages after holding pigs. All pigs (n = 117) tested MRSA negative before transportation. On arrival at the abattoir, 12/117 (10.3%) pigs in two batches tested MRSA positive. In lorries that tested positive after transportation, the prevalence of MRSA positive pigs was 21.1%, whereas no MRSA was detected in pigs that had been transported in lorries that tested negative after transportation. At stunning, all batches and 70/117 (59.8%) pigs tested MRSA positive. Pigs can become MRSA positive in the short period of time during transportation from the farm to stunning at the abattoir.     

鲆鲽鱼营养生理研究进展

本文综述了鲆鲽鱼类营养生理的研究进展,涉及鲆鲽鱼对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、必需脂肪酸、碳水化合物、维生素和微量元素的需要量及各种营养元素的生理功能,评价饲料中各营养素缺乏和过量对鲆鲽鱼生长的影响,以及各营养素之间的相互关系。     

草莓枯萎病菌抗多菌灵突变体ZY-R的生理生化特性研究

为明确抗多菌灵草莓枯萎病菌(ZY-R)菌株的生理生化特性,分析其可能的抗性机制,以课题组获得的抗多菌灵达53.91倍的ZY-R菌株及其敏感菌株(ZY)为研究材料,比较了ZY-R与ZY在苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活力及相对渗率等方面的差异。结果表明:以清水和不同浓度多菌灵处理两菌株1.5~24 h后,ZY-R体内的POD和PAL活力始终高于ZY的;敏、抗菌株间POD活力的差异远大于PAL。在处理时间内,PAL活力先上升后下降,6 h达到最高值;而POD活力一直处于上升状态,24 h达到最高值,且敏、抗菌株之间的差异达到最大,25 mg/L条件下ZY-R的POD活力为ZY的2.26倍;此外,与ZY相比,ZY-R可以渗出更多的电解质。     

国外新引进水稻品种（系）对我国水稻白叶枯病致病型的抗性反应

采用成株期人工剪叶接种鉴定方法,评价451份新引进的国外水稻新品种（系）对我国田间流行的5个水稻白叶枯病致病型的抗性反应。结果显示国际水稻研究所新材料是水稻白叶枯病重要的抗源。本试验还筛选出一批抗性较好的抗性材料,可供育种家在选配亲本时选用。     

Coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, susceptibility and response to goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus, injury in southern California

Oak mortality is often associated with a complex of decline factors. We describe the morphological and physiological responses of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née, in California to an invasive insect, the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and evaluate drought as a potential inciting factor. Morphological traits of 356 trees were assessed and physiological traits of 70 of these were monitored intensively over one growing season. Morphological characteristics of tree health included crown thinning and dieback; bole staining resulting from larval feeding; density of GSOB adult exit holes; and holes caused by woodpecker feeding. These characteristics were used to rank GSOB infestation/injury into four classes, and taken together, they explained 87% of the variation in a principal component analysis. Drought stress on various size/age and infestation classes of Q. agrifolia was measured by assessing branchlet pre-dawn and solar noon xylem water potential, leaf cell turgor potential, and water use efficiency over one growing season. Both morphological and physiological traits were highly variable in mature and old growth trees. Early summer plant water status (branchlet xylem water potential and water use efficiency) was similar between uninfested and newly colonized trees, suggesting that GSOB are not pre-selecting drought-stressed Q. agrifolia for oviposition. By late summer, leaf water and cell turgor potentials were lower in infested than in uninfested mature trees, suggesting that GSOB infestation causes drought stress in these trees. Among the tree size/age classes, infested old growth trees exhibited the greatest change in water use efficiency over the growing season, and showed greater morphological injury symptoms of decline than infested mature trees. Morphological attributes of decline in Q. agrifolia associated with GSOB were correlated weakly with increasing physiological drought stress among infestation classes of trees. We propose that the collection of morphological responses of Q. agrifolia to GSOB described here can be used to monitor the future expansion of the GSOB distribution as well as the GSOB-induced decline of Q. agrifolia in California.     

采前激素处理对银杏种子的脱皮与保鲜效果的研究

研究了乙烯利20、100、500 mg/L；891植物促长素20、100、500 mg/L；脱落酸20、100、500 mg/L等9种不同采前激素催熟处理方法对银杏种子采后脱皮及贮藏保鲜的影响。其中，乙烯利500 mg/L处理，采后4 d呼吸高峰到来，第6 d果肉软化，容易去皮，且贮藏90 d，除霉变率稍高外，浮水率、失水率、硬化率都较低，还原糖、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、蛋白质含量保持较高水平，适宜于以食用为目的的贮藏。891植物促长素500 mg/L处理发芽率高，β-淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂肪酶、多     

不同温度对杏鲍菇减压贮藏品质的影响

为了研究减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的适宜贮藏温度,以杏鲍菇为试材,采用0.07 mm厚的低密度聚乙烯袋抽真空至0.06 MPa减压包装后,分别置于0、2、4、6和8℃下贮藏,研究了不同贮藏温度对减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的生理生化及品质的影响。结果表明:2、4℃较好地保持了杏鲍菇超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)(P0.01)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性(P0.05),有效抑制了丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的上升(P0.01),降低了呼吸强度(P0.01),延缓了杏鲍菇子实体的衰老进程,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼性;降低了杏鲍菇的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性(P0.01),有效抑制了杏鲍菇的褐变,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的色泽(P0.01)。因此,2~4℃为杏鲍菇减压贮藏条件下的适宜贮藏温度,有效延缓了杏鲍菇的后熟衰老进程,延长了杏鲍菇的贮藏期,从而为杏鲍菇的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据和技术方法。     

电生功能水和静电场处理对草莓采后生理的影响

以“星都2号”草莓果实为试材，研究电生功能水及静电场(-50 kV/m)处理对冷藏草莓(贮藏温度为0℃，相对湿度为85%～90%)果肉最大破断应力、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量及细胞膜透性变化的影响。试验结果表明：电生功能水处理明显抑制了草莓的乙烯释放，降低了草莓果实的呼吸强度，而静电场处理也一定程度地降低了果实的乙烯释放量，但对果实呼吸强度无明显的影响。二者均可保持贮藏期间草莓最大破断应力，延缓果肉细胞相对电导率的上升，从而有效地抑制采后草莓果实的衰老过程。相比较而言，电生功能水处理效果优于静电场。     

微生物肥料效应及其应用展望

简述了微生物肥料种类、特点及其生理生态效应,指出应加强微生物肥料基础与应用研究,并展望微生物肥料发展前景。